In May of 1825, a committee of the Musical
Fund Society reported in favor of establishing a school
of music for the development of young musicians:
In the high hopes for the fruits of the "Academy," the
Society engaged Adolph Schmitz, a Düsseldorf
musician to come to Philadelphia and take charge of the
third class in the "Academy." Mr. Schmitz became a
distinguished teacher in the city. Here is a single
instance where the Society was the cause of a great
musical gain to the city directly in the elder Schmitz,
indirectly in the younger, who soon became foremost
among the local musicians.
[Madeira, Annals, p. ??]
October 27, 1827 Mr. Adolphus Smith [sic] was proposed
as a professional member by Mr. [Charles F.] Hupfeld.
The nomination was referred to the Board of Directors of
Music with instructions to report thereon at the next
meeting. On November 24, 1827 the Board of Directors of
Music to whom the nomination of Mr. Adolphus Smith
[sic] as a professional member reported that they
approved of it and he was duly elected a professional
member.
[Musical Fund Society of Philadelphia, Rough
Minutes; also reflected in the list of members 1820 –
1904 and the Supplementary Records. He is first
listed as "Adolphus Smith" and noted as "resigned" on
January 7, 1840. He is re-elected on January 9,
1847 and noted as having died on December 30, 1890.
Gerson (Music in Philadelphia, p.64) identifies the son
as William Adolph Schmitz, but does not indicate in what
capacity the younger Schmitz was “prominent.” Another
son, Charles. M. Schmittz, was a noted cellist,
conductor of Philadelphia’s Germania Orchestra., and
choirmaster at St. James Church. ]
Prof. Schmitz was born in Düsseldorf on December 1, 1796
and was educated at Cologne. He volunteered and
served in the "war of the allies with France,"
(Napoleonic War) being present at the battle of
Waterloo in 1815 for which service he was awarded a
medal.
[The Philadelphia Public Ledger, December 31, 1890, p.
??]
May 6, 1828
The Academy of Music is in a flourishing condition, and
bids fair to produce important results. The Society have
already derived much assistance from the pupils at their
concerts and are enabled to look with confidence to this
source for able and skilful aid in any performances they
may undertake.
The number of pupils at present attached to the Academy
is about thirty.
Since the last report the Academy has obtained an
important acquisition in the valuable services of Mr.
Adolphus Schmitz who in consequences of an engagement
mad with him in Europe came to this country to fill the
situation of third teacher in the Academy and commenced
his duties on the twentieth day of October last.
[Musical Fund Society of Philadelphia, Minutes of Annual
and Other Meetings, University of Pennsylvania MS. Coll.
90, vol. 1, box 3, pp. 120-121]
May 5, 1829
The Academy of Music now under the immediate charge of
three teachers Mess. Cortets, Homman,
and Schmidt [sic]. Its labours have been of great
value to the Orchestra of the Society which now derives
from it an important portion of its force and we avail
ourselves of this opportunity to introduce it to the
more particular notice of the Society and the public,
and to point out some of the advantages that may be
obtained by young men desirous of improving themselves
in the practise of the art assured as we are that
it affords many means of facilitating he progress of the
pupil, not to be found under any individual teacher. In
tit all the stringed and wind instruments (the organ and
pianoforte excepted) are taught by the three eminent
professors above named.
The very considerable number of pupils at all times
attached to the Academy pursuing the study of different
instruments affords the opportunity of playing together
in concert.
A quarterly examination of the pupils is held at which
concerted pieces are performed and a degree of emulation
is excited which leads to excellence and after a
sufficient knowledge has been obtained, they are
admitted into the band at the practisings and concerts
of the Society, the great advantages to be derived from
which must be obvious to every person at all acquainted
with the art.
An last though not least the very moderate charge for
tuition ought itself to be an inducement to the votaries
of the science to enroll themselves as members of the
school which has already produced some very efficient
performers many of whom have taken an active part in the
performances of the Society; in short we don not
hesitate to say, that from the many advantages afforded
in this institution an orchestra player will be formed
in a shorter time than in any other way with which we
are acquainted.
[Musical Fund Society of Philadelphia, Minutes, pp.
133-134]
May 4, 1830
The Committee to whom the immediate superintendence of
the Academy of Music is entrusted have in their report
to the Board expresses themselves as having received the
most favorable impressions of its continued excellence
and utility. The number of pupils
now amount to thirty (one of them admitted as a free
scholar), and at a late examination they gave evidence
of previous application and progress in the art highly
credible to their own diligence and to their own
diligence and to talents and attention of their
teachers.
The expenses of the school are now nearly defrayed by
the receipts for tuition and if the advantages which the
Academy offers were more extensively known and as highly
appreciated as they deserve to be there can be no doubt
that the school would cease to be a charge on the funds
of the society.
When it is however considered that the Society has the
benefit of the assistance of the teachers at all their
concerts and practisings and that the Orchestra now
derives from this school a very important portion of its
force, the small sum which the school annually draws
from the treasury of the Society cannot but be
considered as a judicious and advantageous
expenditure.
[Musical Fund Society of Philadelphia, Minutes of Annual
and Other Meetings, pp. 142-144]
Despite Prof. Schmitz’s best efforts, however, the
"Academy" lasted only a few years and, with only a dozen
students, became too expensive to maintain:
July 5, 1831: On motion resolved that it is not
expedient to continue the payment of the salaries to the
teachers in the Academy of Music after the termination
of the current session until the Board shall take
further order in reflection thereto, and that the
treasurer be furnished with a copy of the resolution
[Musical Fund Society of Philadelphia, Rough Minutes]
November 14, 1831
The efforts of the Society had produced a remarkable
change in the community with regard to music. A
taste for that beautiful branch of the Fine Arts if it
was not created was at least developed to a great
extent, and from this cause the attention of those
members of the Society who had been the supporters of
the practisings, and of the Academy of Music became
necessarily to a considerable extent diverted. The same
circumstances were found to produce a considerable
effect on the public exhibitions of the Society. Much
difficulty occurred in making the necessary
arrangements, and especially in securing the attendance
of the professional members. The plan which had
been adopted for the concerts and other musical
performances, was found to be insufficient, and as a
natural consequence the benefits which the institution
had derived from them were greatly diminished.
These facts well known to many members of the Society,
rendered it expedient to make a change in the
arrangements corresponding with the change of
circumstances. Accordingly meetings of the Society
were called. Committees were appointed and important
alterations made in the By Laws, both with regard to the
Academy of Music and the Orchestral regulations.
Academy of Music Abolished
The first change adopted was the abolition of the
Academy of Music, it having been found extremely
difficult if not altogether impossible in the existing
state of our community to introduce with success the
system of mutual instruction, which was contemplated
when the Academy was organized and it being a subject of
considerable doubt whether a mere reduction in the price
of musical tuition, which was ascertained to be all that
was practicable would be just towards the professional
members, or entirely consonant with objects of the
Society. Independent of these considerations the
Academy had become a source of considerable
expense, and this expense had not been met in the manner
or to the extent that was probably contemplated, when it
was organized. Our resources were therefore
diminished and we were rendered less able to fulfill the
purposes originally contemplated especially the
benevolent objects which may justly be regarded as those
for which the Society was founded as much as for the
cultivation of Taste and the patronage and improvement
of the arts.
The other principal change adopted was the abolition of
the instrumental practisings, which were previously
appointed to be held once a month during the the winter
and spring, and the vocal rehearsals which it was
intended to should take place as often during the same
period. The reasons that gave rise to this
change were the great and increasing difficulty of
securing the attention that was necessary on the part of
the professional members, not as has been observed from
any want of interest and devotion to the main objects of
the institution, but from the sacrifices it required on
their part which were perhaps scarcely compensated by
the advantages that were derived from them to the
Society. Of the propriety of this measure, the
board have as yet seen no reason to doubt.
In this view of the provisions thus obliterated several
new ones were introduced the general nature of which it
may be proper to state as they have become a regular
part of he organization of the Institution.
The musical term has been lessened from eight to six
months and has been thrown more into the winter season,
a change which experience has proved to be particularly
expedient. The performance of the Society have
been arranged so as to take place once a month
during the term and consists of three public and three
private concerts in the alternate months from October to
March the necessary rehearsals being regulated by
the Conductor. At these concerts the right of
admission of members, and their privileges remain
unchanged,; but after due consideration it was deemed
altogether expedient to limit the admission of persons
not being members of the Society, exclusively to such as
do not reside in Philadelphia, aside such as the
privilege may be extended to by express regulations made
from time to time by the joint board of officers. The
advantages of this arrangement were alluded to in the
last Report and the board have seen no reason to doubt
them.
The abolition of the Academy of Music made some changes
necessary in the regulations for the performances of the
Society. Till that time the Orchestra was composed
of professors, amateurs and pupils who attended or not
as their convenience or their zeal dictated. The Academy
in this respect had contributed not a little to the
performances of the Society and when it ceased it became
necessary to make heavier claims than formerly on the
time and services of the professional members. It
was thought too that the benefit thus derived by the
Society might be obtained at the expense of gentlemen
who were much and profitably occupied, and that
therefore there was some injustice in requiring their
aid with greater inconvenience to themselves than was
absolutely necessary. With this view it was
determined that every professional member should receive
a pecuniary compensation for his services. In order that
this change may be made to coincide more fully with the
main intentions of the institution each professional
member engaged in the performance is entitled to be
credited on the books of the Treasurer for his services,
at the rate of three dollars for every public concert
and two dollars for every private one. The
compensation of the conductors both of the vocal and
instrumental departments, is placed at double
those amounts.
At the end of the season the performer is at liberty to
receive the sum which is thus due to him, or should he
so prefer interest at the rate of five percent is added
yearly to the amount, and the fund remains at his
disposal in addition to that which he may be intitled to
receive according to the previous regulations of the
Society. To enforce these provisions which it will
be seen are peculiarly calculated for the benefit of he
professional members some increase has been made in the
fines heretofore imposed; but a stronger security exists
in the evident advantage that is derived from them, not
only to the individuals but to the Society at
large.
[Musical Fund Society of Philadelphia, Minutes of Annual
and Other Meetings, pp. 176-181]
On December 11, 1828 Messrs. Krollman and Schmitz
performed a Concertante for Two Horns (no composer
indicated) on the society's concert. Krollman is
listed first and might have served as principal at this
time. The program also included the Overture to Egmont,
by Beethoven and the always delightful Overture La
Chasse du Jeune Henri, which would reappear with some
regularity on future society concerts. Although
the latter features four substantial horn parts, the
society's copy contains only parts one and three with
sufficient cues from the other two parts, to allow
coverage by two players. Unfortunately, the
printed programs from this period do not include full
orchestra personnel lists. The spring concert of the
same season (April 29, 1829) featured a guest appearance
by Boston’s Mr. Widtl in a Horn Solo by
Düring. Also on the program were two
favorite overtures by. Méhul: Les Deux Aveugles de
Toléde and La Chasse du Jeune Henri. Most probably the
horn players on these pieces were Krollman and Schmitz
since they were local and members of the Society.
On February 12, 1830, at a meeting of the directors of
music, it was resolved that Mr. Wheeler and J.C.
Fisher be requested to fill the two Corni parts at
all performances of Haydn’s oratorio
“Creation.” Mr. Krollman’s initial membership was
due to expire on April 4, 1830 although Prof. Schmitz
was paid through to April 4, 1834.
1833 Adolph Schmitz publishes Arion, a collection of
marches, waltzes, airs, rondos, fantasia, etc.for
Spanish guitar. Philadelphia: Kretschmar and
Nunns, 1833.
On March 23, 1836 Prof. Schmitz performed a “Pot Pouri
for French Horn” of his own composition. On the
same program were Rossini’s Overture to the Barber of
Seville and, once again, Méhul’s “La
Chasse.”
Charles M. Schmitz who so long gave
Philadelphians the satisfaction of hearing symphonic
music which was their own, was the son of Adolph
Schmitz, of Düsseldorf, player of the French Horn.
He taught woodwind and brass instruments in the Academy
of the Musical Fund Society, and had the distinction of
being the first musician brought to America for the
purpose of teaching.
[Wister, 1925, p.11]
December 30, 1835, Apollo society Soirée Musicale
Hupfeld (violin), Reinhart, Schmitz (horn?), Taylor
(piano), Peile, B.C. Cross
[Gershon, p. 87]
February 17, 1837 Third Soiree Musicale at The Apollo
Instrumental Performers:
Hupfeld (violin), Reinhart, Schmitz (horn?), Taylor
(piano), Peile, B.C. Cross, &C.
Beethoven Sextet, Selection from Pastoral Sinfonia,
Mozart Quintet
January 7, 1840: Prof. Schmitz resigned from the Society
From 1843 through 1854 Adolph Schmitz publishes at
least fourteen original compositions or arrangements for
voice with guitar or piano.
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